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\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u9519\u628a\u8c0e\u8a00\u4fe1\u5949\u6210\u771f\u7406\u3002\u665a\u5e74\u6bdb\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u80fd\u6709\u4eca\u5929\u5168\u662f\u6258\u4e86\u5f20\u5927\u5e05\u7684\u798f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5927\u8c08\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5f53\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e00 \u4e2a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u5708\u5957\uff0c\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u800c\u4e0d\u81ea\u77e5\u3002\u5728\u7687\u6743\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u53ea\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u8c0b\u53d6\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u6c61\u67d3\u8fc7\u540e\u626d\u66f2\u6210\u7578\uff0c\u76d7\u8d3c\u4ea6\u53ef\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u82f1\u96c4\u3002<\/p>\n \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a \u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u65e5\u8bb0 ——————————————————————<\/p>\n By Qianmo Ruo, 08-20-2012<\/strong><\/p>\n (Translation from original Chinese, by Yan Yi)<\/strong><\/p>\n 70 years ago in China, there occurred a mutiny called Xi\u2019an Incident. This mutiny changed the destiny of the Chinese people, and became to a turning point of the China\u2019s history. 70 years later, teacher educated us that Xueliang Zhang, the launching people of Xi An Incident, is a national hero. However, this is not the truth. The fact is that Zhang tried to utilize the China Communist Party (CCP) to take advantage of the Soviet Union power, in order to strengthen his own self-reliance, but was eventually manipulated by the CCP.<\/p>\n In order to achieve his purpose of self-reliance, Zhang proposed to support CCP when he met the CCP\u2019s Premier Enlai Zhou at the first time. At that time, the CCP\u2019s army faced very serious challenges of surviving because they just finished long march. Zhang\u2019s support could be regard as a very important resource for CCP. The following historical materials could prove it. Jinghua Yang, the former curator of Shenyang Zhang\u2019s Mansion, said: \u201cOn July 20, 1994, Shangkun Yang visited my museum, and told me his witness of Zhang and Zhou\u2019s meeting. In the meeting, Zhang asked Zhou: \u2019How many people in your army?\u2019 Zhou showed five fingers, meaning five troops. Then, Zhang asked Zhou: \u2019How many leaders do CCP have?\u2019 Zhou also showed five fingers, meaning Wentian Zhang, Zedong Mao, De Zhu, Dehuai Peng, Enlai Zhou. After listening, Zhang decided to give some living expenses to five leaders, to show his means. Thus, he sent two trucks carrying five millions silver yuan to the CCP.\u201d Shangkun Yang was the receiver of Zhang\u2019s generous gift. When he saw that large amount of money, he burst into tears. Theoretically, it is impossible for him to lie. He used to serve as the head of political department of the CCP army, and the general commander of the CCP\u2019s frontline. His testimony should be authoritative and credible. From the first meeting, it clearly showed that Xueliang Zhang was flattering CCP. Without the purpose of strengthening his own self-reliance, how could he send a huge gift to CCP by no means? The only explanation is he is eager to show his loyalty to CCP.<\/p>\n In order to obtain the trust of the CCP, Zhang paid all the expenses of weapon costs of CCP\u2019s east and west war. Xueliang Zhang and Chiang Kai-shek were like brothers before, but he turned himself to the sponsor of CCP when Chiang tried to eliminated CCP. The following historical materials can prove the fact. On May 12, 1936, Premier Enlai Zhou and Xueliang Zhang met in Fushi. During the talks, Zhou informed Zhang the upcoming CCP\u2019s plan of the east and west war, and asked Zhang to provide support to CCP\u2019s army. Zhou\u2019s request included 100,000 7.9mm bullets, of which 60,000 were sent to Fushi, and others were sent to Shannan. On May 22, not a long time after the departure of CCP\u2019s army, Zhou made a call to Zhang, asking him to do exactly and immediately what he agreed to support in terms of 100, 000 bullets. On June 1, 60,000 rounds of ammunition was delivered to Yanan. Yizhe Wang telephoned Premier Zhou Enlai:\u201dBullets were already sent to Fushi.\u201d Zhou replied: \u201cThanks for the bullets. It shows how you treat your brother, with no boundary.\u201d The behavior of Zhang aimed to obtain the trust of CCP. Taking one step back, Zhang kept showing his attitude of rather fighting Japnese than fighting inside. However, he provided so many materias to CCP behine the scene, helping them in fight with Chiang Kai-shek. If he had not any ideas of himself, how could he try so hard to win the trust of CCP? The answer is only by winning the trust of CCP could he had the opportunity to get in touch with the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n In order to receive the assistance of the Soviet Union, Zhang once requested to join the CCP. Because Zhang killed the Communist members of the Soviet Union before, it seemed to them that Zhang is not a reliable person. Thus, his request was denied. The following information can prove this point: In the book Comintern and China published by the Soviet Union in 1986, it exposed the fact the Zhang requested to join the CCP. The book disclosed a telegraph from the Soviet Union to the CCP on February 15,1936. It mentioned the attitude of the Soviet Union, which means they refused the application of Zhang\u2019s request. This document was translated into Chinese and published on The Study of China Communist Party,Volume 2. Thus, it was no longer a secret to Chinese people.At that time, Zhang was the chief commander of the north-west Nationalist army. It can be said that the if he has no conspiracy in heart, why turned himself into CCP? Moreover, Zhang was always a man addictive to women and drug. In 9.18 incident, he handed over the entire three provinces of northeast China without any fights. Zhang described himself as the \u201cKing of the Northeast\u201d, and showed resistence toward Chiang Kai-shek. How could such a person was willing to join the CCP? It is clear that the purpose of him was not in fignting the Japanese, but Chiang Kai-shek. Joining the CCP would help him elevate the chance. Zhang imagined that if he joined the CCP, the Soviet Union would on his side.<\/p>\n Xueliang Zhang made an agreement with CCP in which they established a north-west coalition government sharing the same status with the nationalist government. This agreement was made before the Xi\u2019an incident. It is easy to conclude that Xi\u2019an incident was not an accident, but a premeditated mutiny. Based on the situation of that time, Zhang wanted to establish a triangle power consisting with Zhang, nationalist, and CCP. The following information can testify this. The 1990s newspaper had publicly disclosed: During the Xi\u2019an incident, Zhang had made decision of killing Chiang Kai-shek; Zhang wanted to establish north-west coalition army with the general Hucheng Yang and the CCP\u2019s army in Yanan; The purpose of establishing the north-west coalition government was not for fighting the Japanese. The declassified document of CCP had also disclosed this fact. A coalition government was supposed to be established to share the same status with the nationalist government, but finally aborted because of the protest of the Soviet Union. These two points can fully explain the personal ambition of Xueliang Zhang.Since the three provinces in northeast China were in Japanese occupation, the so-called northeast king was dead. Zhang grew in bandit, and acted like bandit. He wanted his revenge, with the assistent of the Soviet Union. It is logical that he covered his purpose of self-reliance with the excuse of anti-Japanese. In a time when the whole country was in chaos, every warlord was eager to find the power and the chance to become the king. Zhang almost had everything. How could he miss the chance? Thus, we can easily confirm that the Xi\u2019an incident was a well-prepared plan.<\/p>\n Zhang did not succeed utilizing CCP, but was reversely manipulated by them. After Xi An Incident, the CCP changed its face. Zhang was supposed to establish a coalition government of the north and west. However, the whole country was condemning Zhang as a kidnapper. Even the Soviet Union accused Zhang as a traitor of China, aiming to benefit the Japanese. The behavior of Zhang caused huge repercussion in China\u2019s society. When knowing that Xueliang Zhang detained Chiang Kai-shek, a great amount of students and civilians went on street, and showed their protest.<\/p>\n The headline of the newspaper Ta Kung Pao presented an article The Open Letter to the Military Members of Xian wrote by Jiliang Zhang who is the most admirable person of Xueliang Zhang. This article persuaded the northeast army to back to the right track, and not betry this country and its people. A number of celebrities like Shi Hu, Ziqing Zhu, Youlan Feng, Yiduo Wen, wrote articles condeming the behaviors of Xueliang Zhang and Hucheng Yang. They were labeled as the country\u2019s criminal sabotaging the peace and the consistence. The Soviet Union newspaper Pravda published articles calling the behaviors of Zhang and Yang as \u201cMutiny\u201d and \u201cUse of the anti-Japanese movement for speculation \u201d. The Soviet Communism magazine International Newsletter rebuked them as \u201ctraitors\u201d and \u201cbandits\u201d. Bauge Bogomolov, the Soviet Union ambassador in China, made a clarification to Xiangxi Kong that the Soviet government had nothing to do with the Xi\u2019an incident. dalso devoted to the hole Sang-hee said that the Government of the Soviet Union and the incident. After the incident, the Soviet Union ordered the CCP to release Chiang Kai-shek. Under the pressure from the Soviet Union, Zedong Mao had to send Enlai Zhou to Xi\u2019an to persuade Xueliang Zhang release Chiang Kai-shek.<\/p>\n All of these situations showed that seizing Chiang Kai-shek was an bad move, causing huge repercussion in the Chinese society. Xueliang Zhang was in dilemma for sure. The unexpected reaction of Soviet Union and the capricious face of CCP completely detroyed the dream of Zhang\u2019s self-reliance. Why would the Soviet Union condemns Zhang\u2019s behavior? In 1936, German and Japnese became allies. The Soviet Union worried that if China is in civil war, it will dramatically lower its capability of defending the Japan invader. Once China failed, the Soviet Union will be the next. Saving Chiang Kai-shek would directly benefit the Soviet Union. However, Xi\u2019an incident made Chiang Kai-shek stop eliminating the CCP, which let them miraculously survive and grow. This is the turning point of the China\u2019s history. Zhang has said in his memoirs: \u201cI destructed my officer, my friends, and my army. I wish to manipulate others, but was manipulated by CCP.\u201d In old age, Zhang claimed to a life of failure, as sinners in the culprit. The CCP has invited him to come back to Xi\u2019an several times, but he never did. He never wanted to come back to China where he betrayed, to his death. All of these proved that Zhang was played by the CCP at the end.<\/p>\n From the above, it is not difficult to see that Zhang is not a national hero. The so-called fighting Japanese by seizing Chiang Kai-shek was a lie based on the political needs to deceive the Chinese civilians. For those people who do not understand that period of history, they wrongly believe the lie, and think it is the truth. Mao once said: \u201cIt is the Communist Party\u2019s fortunate to have general Zhang. Without him, we cannot make it today. It is not exaggerating to give him the president of CCP.\u201d In the face of the fake history, the Chinese people have been lead to a trap. In China where dictatorship rules, the people unconsciously became to the political tools used by the dictators to seek their own interests. After the China civilians\u2019 values have been seriously distorted, kidnapper can be worshiped as hero.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u897f\u5b89\u4e8b\u53d8 \u6d45\u58a8, <\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.chinawriting.org\/2011\/0078-004.jpg\")
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\n\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u897f\u5b89\u4e8b\u53d8\u524d\u540e\u63a5\u6d4e\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\uff1f
\n\u897f\u5b89\u4e8b\u53d8\u671f\u95f4\u201c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u534f\u5546\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72
\n\u897f\u5b89\u4e8b\u53d8\u65b0\u63a2\uff0d\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u4e1c\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u516c\u53f81995\u5e74\u7248
\n\u6709\u5173\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u5171\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b1995\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f<\/p>\nXi\u2019an Incident<\/h2>\n